Mission / Mars

Spirit & Opportunity (MER)

NASA / JPL · 2003–2019 · also Mars Exploration Rovers, MER, Spirit, Opportunity

Twin Mars Exploration Rovers that landed in 2004; Opportunity drove more than 45 km and pioneered visual odometry and autonomous driving on Mars.

Official mission page

Papers: 57
Named in: 7 in title · 57 in abstract · 20 in keywords

Papers per year

2010’102011’112012’122013’132014’142015’152016’162017’172018’182019’192020’202021’212022’222023’232024’242025’252026’26

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1–25 of 57 papers naming Spirit & Opportunity

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Dispelling the myth of robotic efficiency

Ian CrawfordAstronomy & Geophysics 2012 51 citedMar 23, 2012

Space × Robotics × AIPLANETARY ROBOTICS ISRU & CONSTRUCTION Manipulation & Grasping Spirit & Opportunity Curiosity Mars Sample Return

PDF HTML arXiv

Mar 23, 2012

Testing Mars Exploration Rover-Inspired Operational Strategies for Semi-Autonomous Rovers on the Moon Ii: the GeoHeuristic Operational Strategies Test in Alaska

R A Yingst, B A Cohen, B Hynek, M E Schmidt +2 moreActa Astronautica 2014 11 citedJan 31, 2014

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Simulation, Digital Twins & Benchmarks Spirit & Opportunity

PDF DOI

Jan 31, 2014

AI4MARS: A Dataset for Terrain-Aware Autonomous Driving on Mars

Robert Michael Swan, Deegan Atha, Henry A. Leopold, Matthew Gildner +3 moreCVPR Workshop 2021 104 citedJun 1, 2021

Space × AIPLANETARY ROBOTICS Perception & State Estimation Learning-based Methods Simulation, Digital Twins & Benchmarks Curiosity Spirit & Opportunity Perseverance

DOI

Jun 1, 2021

About the Space Robots

Relly Victoria PetrescuJournal of Mechatronics and Robotics 2019 4 citedJan 1, 2019

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS ORBITAL ROBOTICS Curiosity Spirit & Opportunity

PDF DOI

Jan 1, 2019

Simulations of Mars Rover Traverses

Feng Zhou, R. E. Arvidson, Keith Bennett, Brian Patrick Trease +4 moreJFR / Field Robotics 2013 111 citedSep 30, 2013

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Spirit & Opportunity Curiosity

DOI

Sep 30, 2013

The Effects of Clock Drift on the Mars Exploration Rovers

Khaled S. Ali, C. Anthony VanelliAIAA SPACE / ASCEND 2012Sep 11, 2012

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Spirit & Opportunity

NTRS

Sep 11, 2012

Mars Exploration Rovers EDL Trajectory and Atmosphere Reconstruction using NewSTEP

Rohan G Deshmukh, Christopher D KarlgaardNASA TM 2021May 1, 2021

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Perception & State Estimation Spirit & Opportunity

PDF NTRS

May 1, 2021

Mars Exploration Rover Heatshield Observation Campaign

Christine E. Szalai, Benjamin L. Thoma, Wayne Lee, Justin Maki +3 moreAIAA Thermophysics Conference 2011Jun 27, 2011

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Spirit & Opportunity

NTRS

Jun 27, 2011

Autonomous rover traverse and precise arm placement on remotely designated targets

Michael Fleder, Issa Nesnas, Mihail Pivtoraiko, Alonzo Kelly +1 moreICRA 2011 4 citedMay 1, 2011

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Perception & State Estimation Spirit & Opportunity

PDF DOI

May 1, 2011

Enabling continuous planetary rover navigation through FPGA stereo and visual odometry

Thomas M. Howard, Arin C. Morfopoulos, Jack C. Morrison, Yoshiaki Kuwata +3 moreIEEE Aerospace 2012 32 citedMar 1, 2012

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Perception & State Estimation Motion Planning & Navigation Design, Mechanisms & Hardware Spirit & Opportunity Curiosity

DOI

Mar 1, 2012

Dynamic Modeling and Soil Mechanics for Path Planning of the Mars Exploration Rovers

Brian Trease, Raymond Arvidson, Randel Lindemann, Keith Bennett +4 moreMSC Software 2011 Users ConferenceOct 4, 2011

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Guidance, Dynamics & Control Simulation, Digital Twins & Benchmarks Spirit & Opportunity

NTRS

Oct 4, 2011

Multi-mission Terrain Classifier for Safe Rover Navigation and Automated Science

Deegan Atha, Robert Michael Swan, Annie Didier, Zaki Hasnain +1 moreIEEE Aerospace 2022 16 citedMar 5, 2022

Space × Robotics × AIPLANETARY ROBOTICS Learning-based Methods Motion Planning & Navigation Curiosity Spirit & Opportunity Perseverance

DOI

Mar 5, 2022

Advances in Space Robotics Autonomy

Ashitey Trebi‐Ollennu, Arturo L. Rankin, Yang Cheng, Adnan I. Ansar +5 moreAmerican Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics eBooks 2014May 14, 2014

Space × Robotics × AIPLANETARY ROBOTICS ORBITAL ROBOTICS Autonomy, Task Planning & Operations Spirit & Opportunity Curiosity Mars Sample Return

DOI

May 14, 2014

Mars Exploration Rovers 2004-2013: Evolving Operational Tactics Driven by Aging Robotic Systems

Julie Townsend, Michael Seibert, Paolo Bellutta, Eric Ferguson +7 moreSpaceOps 2014May 5, 2014

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Spirit & Opportunity

NTRS

May 5, 2014

Replenishing the Mars relay network

Charles D. Edwards, Phil Barela, Roy E. Gladden, Charles H. Lee +1 moreIEEE Aerospace 2014 14 citedMar 1, 2014

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Curiosity Spirit & Opportunity Rosalind Franklin

DOI

Mar 1, 2014

Space Robotics Technologies for Deep Well Operations

Hari D. Nayar, Khaled S. Ali, A. D. Aubrey, Tara A. Estlin +4 moreOffshore Technology Conference 2012 4 citedApr 30, 2012

Space × RoboticsORBITAL ROBOTICS PLANETARY ROBOTICS Manipulation & Grasping Autonomy, Task Planning & Operations HRI & Teleoperation Spirit & Opportunity

DOI

Apr 30, 2012

Mars Exploration Rover Heat Shield Recontact Analysis

Behzad Raiszadeh, Prasun N. Desai, Robert Michelltree21st AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar 2011May 23, 2011

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Spirit & Opportunity

PDF NTRS

May 23, 2011

Autonomous Science Target Detection and Touchability Assessment for Planetary Exploration

ChenPublished 2026Mar 20, 2026

Space × Robotics × AIPLANETARY ROBOTICS Perception & State Estimation Learning-based Methods Autonomy, Task Planning & Operations Mars Sample Return Spirit & Opportunity

DOI

Mar 20, 2026

AI4MARS: A Dataset for Terrain-Aware Autonomy on Mars

Hiro Ono, Xiangyu Hong, Cindy Chiu, Stephanie Oij +4 morePreprint 2021Jun 19, 2021

Space × AIPLANETARY ROBOTICS Simulation, Digital Twins & Benchmarks Perception & State Estimation Curiosity Spirit & Opportunity Perseverance

NTRS

Jun 19, 2021

Computer Vision for Space Exploration

Dharini Raghavan, Bhavana B RaoPublished 2020 1 citedOct 9, 2020

Space × AIPLANETARY ROBOTICS Perception & State Estimation Learning-based Methods Autonomy, Task Planning & Operations Spirit & Opportunity

DOI

Oct 9, 2020

Model-Based Chassis Control of a Wheeled Mobile Robot on Soft Ground Using the Example of the ExoMars Planetary Exploration Rover

Stefan BarthelmesTUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt) 2020Oct 1, 2020

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Rosalind Franklin Spirit & Opportunity Curiosity

PDF Source

Oct 1, 2020

Simple texture descriptors for classifying monochrome planetary rover terrains

Dhara K. Shukla, Krzysztof SkoniecznyICRA 2017 6 citedMay 1, 2017

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Perception & State Estimation Spirit & Opportunity

DOI

May 1, 2017

Mars Rover Nearing Marathon Achievement

Martín PérezPreprint 2015Jan 1, 2015

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Spirit & Opportunity

Source

Jan 1, 2015

Next-generation Strategies for Human Lunar Sorties

B. A. CohenGolden Spike Human Lunar Expeditions: Opportunities for Intensive Lunar Scientific Exploration 2013Oct 3, 2013

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS HRI & Teleoperation Spirit & Opportunity Curiosity

PDF NTRS

Oct 3, 2013

Robotic Technology Development at Ames: The Intelligent Robotics Group and Surface Telerobotics

Maria G. Bualat, Terrence FongPreprint 2013Sep 18, 2013

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS HRI & Teleoperation Spirit & Opportunity

PDF Source

Sep 18, 2013