Mission / Mars

Spirit & Opportunity (MER)

NASA / JPL · 2003–2019 · also Mars Exploration Rovers, MER, Spirit, Opportunity

Twin Mars Exploration Rovers that landed in 2004; Opportunity drove more than 45 km and pioneered visual odometry and autonomous driving on Mars.

Official mission page

Papers: 57
Named in: 7 in title · 57 in abstract · 20 in keywords

Papers per year

2010’102011’112012’122013’132014’142015’152016’162017’172018’182019’192020’202021’212022’222023’232024’242025’252026’26

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17 papers naming Spirit & Opportunity

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Testing Mars Exploration Rover-Inspired Operational Strategies for Semi-Autonomous Rovers on the Moon Ii: the GeoHeuristic Operational Strategies Test in Alaska

R A Yingst, B A Cohen, B Hynek, M E Schmidt +2 moreActa Astronautica 2014 11 citedJan 31, 2014

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Simulation, Digital Twins & Benchmarks Spirit & Opportunity

PDF DOI

Jan 31, 2014

Simulations of Mars Rover Traverses

Feng Zhou, R. E. Arvidson, Keith Bennett, Brian Patrick Trease +4 moreJFR / Field Robotics 2013 111 citedSep 30, 2013

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Spirit & Opportunity Curiosity

DOI

Sep 30, 2013

Autonomous rover traverse and precise arm placement on remotely designated targets

Michael Fleder, Issa Nesnas, Mihail Pivtoraiko, Alonzo Kelly +1 moreICRA 2011 4 citedMay 1, 2011

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Perception & State Estimation Spirit & Opportunity

PDF DOI

May 1, 2011

Dynamic Modeling and Soil Mechanics for Path Planning of the Mars Exploration Rovers

Brian Trease, Raymond Arvidson, Randel Lindemann, Keith Bennett +4 moreMSC Software 2011 Users ConferenceOct 4, 2011

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Guidance, Dynamics & Control Simulation, Digital Twins & Benchmarks Spirit & Opportunity

NTRS

Oct 4, 2011

Model-Based Chassis Control of a Wheeled Mobile Robot on Soft Ground Using the Example of the ExoMars Planetary Exploration Rover

Stefan BarthelmesTUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt) 2020Oct 1, 2020

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Rosalind Franklin Spirit & Opportunity Curiosity

PDF Source

Oct 1, 2020

Mars Rover Nearing Marathon Achievement

Martín PérezPreprint 2015Jan 1, 2015

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Spirit & Opportunity

Source

Jan 1, 2015

A Study on Rocker-Bogie Mechanism for a Planetary Rover Prototype

Pawan N. Kakde, S. K. ChoudharyInternational Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 2023Jun 17, 2023

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Design, Mechanisms & Hardware Curiosity Spirit & Opportunity

PDF DOI

Jun 17, 2023

A Study on Rocker-Bogie Suspension for a Planetary Rover Prototype

Anmol Singh, P. K. JainInternational Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 2020 1 citedJan 1, 2020

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Design, Mechanisms & Hardware Curiosity Spirit & Opportunity

DOI

Jan 1, 2020

Spherical planetary robot for rugged terrain traversal

Laksh Raura, Andrew Warren, Jekan ThangavelauthamIEEE Aerospace 2017 21 citedJan 26, 2017

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Perception & State Estimation Design, Mechanisms & Hardware Curiosity Spirit & Opportunity

PDF HTML arXiv

Jan 26, 2017

Characterizing Wheel-Soil Interaction Loads Using Meshfree Finite Element Methods: A Sensitivity Analysis for Design Trade Studies

Michael T. Contreras, Brian P. Trease, Cezary Bojanowski, Ronald F. KulakxAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers 2013Apr 8, 2013

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Spirit & Opportunity

NTRS

Apr 8, 2013

Determining Wheel-Soil Interaction Loads Using a Meshfree Finite Element Approach Assisting Future Missions with Rover Wheel Design

Michael T. Contreras, Chia-Yen Peng, Dongdong Wang, Jiun-Shyan ChenAIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Co-located Conference 2012Aug 13, 2012

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Spirit & Opportunity

NTRS

Aug 13, 2012

Enhanced Autonomous Navigation on the Perseverance Mars Rover

Olivier Toupet, Masahiro Ono, Tyler Del Sesto, Mark W. Maimone +1 moreJFR / Field Robotics 2025 6 citedNov 24, 2025

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Motion Planning & Navigation Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Perception & State Estimation Perseverance Spirit & Opportunity

DOI

Nov 24, 2025

Resettable Land Anchor Launcher for Unmanned Rover Rescue and Slope Climbing

Aaryan Kainth, Andrew R. Krohn, Kyle Johnson, Alexander Schepelmann +2 moreICRA 2025May 19, 2025

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Spirit & Opportunity

DOI

May 19, 2025

LASSIE: Legged Autonomous Surface Science In Analogue Environments

K. R. Fisher, F. Qian, D. Jerolmack, F. Rivera-Hernandez +5 moreLPSC 2023Mar 13, 2023

Space × RoboticsPLANETARY ROBOTICS ISRU & CONSTRUCTION Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Spirit & Opportunity InSight

PDF NTRS

Mar 13, 2023

Planetary soil classification based on the analysis of the interaction with deformable terrain of a wheel-legged robot

F Comin, Chakravarthini Mini SaajIROS 2015 2 citedSep 1, 2015

Space × Robotics × AIPLANETARY ROBOTICS Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Perception & State Estimation Spirit & Opportunity

DOI

Sep 1, 2015

Mars drill for the Mars sample return mission with a Brushing and Abrading bit, regolith and powder bit, core PreView Bit and a coring bit

Kris A. Zacny, Gale L. Paulsen, P. Chu, Arshak Avanesyan +2 moreIEEE Aerospace 2012 14 citedMar 1, 2012

Space × RoboticsISRU & CONSTRUCTION PLANETARY ROBOTICS Manipulation & Grasping Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Mars Sample Return Spirit & Opportunity

DOI

Mar 1, 2012

Development of the Brushing, Abrading, Regolith, Core PreView and the Coring Bits for the Mars Sample Return Mission

Kris A. Zacny, Phil Chu, Gale L. Paulsen, Jack Craft +4 moreAIAA SPACE / ASCEND 2011 8 citedJun 14, 2011

Space × RoboticsISRU & CONSTRUCTION PLANETARY ROBOTICS Surface Mobility & Terramechanics Manipulation & Grasping Mars Sample Return Spirit & Opportunity

DOI

Jun 14, 2011