Future Rendezvous and Docking Missions enabled by low-cost but safety compliant Guidance Navigation and Control (GNC) architectures

Proximity flight systems for rendezvous-and-docking, are traditionally the domain of large, costly institutional \nmanned missions, which require extremely robust and expensive Guidance Navigation and Control (GNC) solutions. \nBy developing a low-cost and safety compliant GNC architecture and design methodology, low cost GNC solutions \nneeded for future missions with proximity flight phases will have reduced development risk, and more rapid \ndevelopment schedules. This will enable a plethora of on-orbit services to be realised using low cost satellite \ntechnologies, and lower the cost of the services to a point where they can be offered to commercial as well as \ninstitutional entities and thereby dramatically grow the market for on-orbit construction, in-orbit servicing and active \ndebris removal. It will enable organisations such as SSTL to compete in an area previously exclusive to large \ninstitutional players. The AAReST mission (to be launched in 2018), will demonstrate some key aspects of low cost \nclose proximity “co-operative” rendezvous and docking (along with reconfiguration/control of multiple mirror \nelements) for future modular telescopes. However this is only a very small scale academic mission demonstration \nusing cubesat technology, and is limited to very close range demonstrations. \nThis UK National Space Technology Programme (NSTP-2) project, which is being carried out by SSTL and SSC, is \ndue to be completed by the end of November 2017 and is co-funded by the UK Space Agency and company R&D. It \nis aiming to build on the AAReST ("Autonomous Assembly of a Reconfigurable Space Telescope") mission (where \nappropriate), and industrialise existing research, which will culminate in a representative model that can be used to \ndevelop low-cost GNC solutions for many different mission applications that involve proximity activities, such as \nformation flying, and rendezvous and docking. The main objectives and scope of this project are the following: \n Definition of a reference mission design (based on a scenario that SSTL considers credible as a realistic \nscenario) and mission/system GNC requirements. \n Develop a GNC architectural design for low cost missions applications that involve close proximity \nformation flying, rendezvous and docking (RDV&D) - i.e. “proximity activities” \n Develop a low cost sensor suite suitable for use on proximity missions \n Consider possible regulatory constraints that may apply to the mission \nThe SSTL/SSC reference mission concept is a “co-operative” two-spacecraft rendezvous and docking mission \ndemonstrator using microsatellites (an active Chaser and a passive Target), however the GNC model is generic and \ncan be utilized for other “non-co-operative” rendezvous and docking missions. This paper presents the latest results \nfrom the study, particularly the mission analysis, GNC simulation and modelling, sensors, and key mission and \nspacecraft systems aspects. The results so far show that such a GNC model and mission demonstrator is feasible, \nand in line with anticipated UK regulatory constraints that may apply to the mission.