Stereoscopic Vision-Based Relative Navigation for Spacecraft Proximity Operations

The capability of a spacecraft of determining its dynamic state with respect to a target object is a key technology for performing spaceborne autonomous proximity operations. This core component is crucial in developing robust and reliable Guidance, Navigation and Control techniques in the field of spacecraft formation flight, on-orbit servicing, rendezvous and docking and active debris removal. This paper describes the development of a relative navigation strategy relying on the sole information provided by a stereoscopic vision system. The performances of the estimation approach are assessed by means of both orbital numerical simulations and experimental tests on the ground. The experimental activities are conducted in a representative dynamic environment within the context of the SPARTANS ground-based spacecraft simulator facility under development at the University of Padova.